Abstract
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ) belongs to the family Solanaciace, is one of the most widely grown vegetable in the world as well as in Ethiopia. Tomato leaf miner, T. absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is a key pest of tomato and its control is very important to the production and profitability of this crop. Therefore, this review showed that the experiment was worked in glass house of Ambo University and under field conditions in Guder, Western Showa Zone of Oromia Regional state, Ethiopia. A factorial experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications to evaluate the effect of insecticides and botanicals ( Azadirachta indica L. ) on tomato leaf miner under glass house and on farmers cultivated field. The results of the study revealed that the newly introduced two insecticides gave promising mortality rate and not significantly different compared with the standard check and highly significantly different from the untreated check. The botanicals, A. indica fresh leaf and seed extracts with foliar application gave promising mortality rate when used as alternative control measures for tomato leaf miner, while the two botanicals part were found lesser effective as compared with other treatments, but significantly different from untreated check. From this study, it could be concluded that the two insecticides Cutter 112 E.C TM and Trigger 5% E.C TM were effective recommended as alternative insecticides. The botanical ( A. indica ) both fresh leaf extract and seed extract (bio-pesticide), which are easily available locally, are better option and eco-friendly for controlling tomato leaf miner in the study areas. Keywords: Botanicals , Tomato Leaf miner, Beauveria bassiana , Metarhizium anisopliae, Efficacy and Insecticides. DOI : 10.7176/JBAH/9-17-02 Publication date :September 30 th 2019
Highlights
USDA, (2009), point out that tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) belonging to the family Solanaciace, is one of the most widely grown vegetable in the world and popular among small and large scale farmers for its edible fruits both for export and local consumption
Its fruit contribute to human wellbeing, as it is rich in minerals, protein, and high level of vitamins
Among the test botanicals and entomofungal pathogen, B. bassiana applications were highly effective against Tuta absoluta at 3rd day followed by A. indica both under glass house as well as under field condition at recommended rate
Summary
USDA, (2009), point out that tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) belonging to the family Solanaciace, is one of the most widely grown vegetable in the world and popular among small and large scale farmers for its edible fruits both for export and local consumption. When the result of pot experiment and field trial are compared, whether it is Azadirachta indica (leaf), Azadirachta indica (seed extract), or insecticides like Cutter 112 E.C, Triger 5% E.CTM, Nomax(Teflubenzuron 150gm/lt EC) the larval mortality percent has been greater field experiment than that noticed in pot experiment, indicating better efficacy of treatments in the field Such variations could be explained based on the level of infestation of Tuta absoluta under natural field pest www.iiste.org conditions which gives a better picture/measure of efficacy and relevance as compared with pot observations under glass house conditions, where often pest infestations are limited or marginal owing to shield from natural weather. 1.2 Effect of Entomopathogenic fungi on T. absoluta The data presented in Table[2] and 3 shows that B. bassiana caused mortality rate of 67.79 and 61.84 % in pot experment and field trials, respectivily on tomato leaf miner tuta absoluta ten days after application.
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