Abstract
In general, cell culture-based assays, investigations of cell number, viability, and metabolic activities during culture periods, are commonly performed to study the cellular responses under various culture conditions explored. Quantification of cell numbers can provide the information of cell proliferation. Cell viability study can understand the percentage of cell death under a specific tested substance. Monitoring of the metabolic activities is an important index for the study of cell physiology. Based on the development of microfluidic technology, microfluidic systems incorporated with impedance measurement technique, have been reported as a new analytical approach for cell culture-based assays. The aim of this article is to review recent developments on the impedance detection of cellular responses in micro/nano environment. These techniques provide an effective and efficient technique for cell culture-based assays.
Highlights
Cell culture, which cultures cells as a monolayer on a surface of a cell culture vessel (e.g., Petri dish or multi-well microplate) is widely used in life science research for the investigation of cellular behavior
The cells of E. coli O157:H7 inoculated in a food sample were first captured by the magnetic nanoparticle-antibody conjugates (MNAC), separated and concentrated by applying a magnetic field, washed and suspended in solution, injected through the microfluidic flow cell, and attracted by magnetic field on the active layer for impedance measurement
This demonstration showed that the impedance measurement can be extended to monitor cellular responses from 2D to 3D cell culture format
Summary
Cell culture, which cultures cells as a monolayer on a surface of a cell culture vessel (e.g., Petri dish or multi-well microplate) is widely used in life science research for the investigation of cellular behavior. In general cell culture-based assays, monitoring of cell number, viability, and metabolic activity are commonly performed to provide information of cellular responses under a specific culture condition studied. Impedance measurement was proposed to be one of the promising techniques to quantify cellular responses during culture on the microfluidic systems. Literature has demonstrated the use of the similar principle for the detection of various biological substances such as enzymes [23], antibodies and antigens [10,24,25,26], DNA [27,28], and cells [17,29,30,31,32,33] This technique provides a non-invasive and label-free measurement, and is found practically useful for the detection of substances in miniaturized analytical devices like microfluidic systems. Incorporated with impedance measurement technique provide an effective and efficient technique for cell culture-based assays
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