Review on Hook Worm Infections : Ancylostomiasis

Abstract

The present review mainly highlighted on hookworm infections and the Ancylostoma species distribution, infection rate, epidemiology, prevalence, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatments were analyzed. Hook Worms are located in the intestinal tract and/or tissues. Several investigations have reported the interesting phenomenon that the infective larvae of canine hookworm, Ancylostoma canium and other species. The immune response to worm infections also depends upon the location of infestation. Gastrointestinal nematode infections have always been a major animal health problem of domestic animals and/or ruminant livestock. Hosts with nematode infections present a series of pathological effects these changes include tissue damage, alterations in blood constituents, elevation or decrease of enzymatic levels. Hookworm diseases are most common in tropical and subtropical climatic conditions and the infections were observed in both animals and humans. As per the available information globally more than 740 million peoples are infected with hookworm. In sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, approximately 200 million people have been infected with hookworm, 90 million of them were children. The main objective of this review was to identify the prevalence, epidemiology and determinant factors of hookworm infection. Diagnostic methods that differentiate between hookworm species, including molecular methods, need to be developed for widespread use in control programmes to elucidate key features of hookworm epidemiology and control.