Abstract
The world is facing challenges from both new and re-emerging diseases and Influenza virus is one of the main causes of such diseases. The virus has the ability to mutate into a form that spreads efficiently among animals and humans. Swine influenza is a highly contagious and economically important disease of pigs. It is caused by type influenza viruses with main subtypes of H1N1, H1N2, H3N2 and H3N1. These are the main subtypes in endemic areas in pig populations. Human and avian influenza viruses can infect pigs and can give rise to novel reassortants. The virus enters in to the respiratory tract through different routes and attaches to the epithelial cells on the lining of the tract and replicates. Replication of the virus and action of immune cells together disrupts the cells on the lining of the respiratory tract. The disease has short incubation period with clinical signs of fever, lethargy, anorexia, weight loss, and coughing, sneezing, nasal and ocular discharge, conjunctivitis and labored breathing. Influenza A viruses infects a large variety of animal species including humans, pigs, horses, sea mammals and birds. Transmission of the virus from pigs to humans is not common. People with regular exposure to pigs are at increased risk of swine flu infection. Swine flu rarely passes from human to human. Symptoms of zoonotic swine flu in humans are in general, namely chills , fever , sore throat , muscle pains , severe headache , coughing , weakness and discomfort. The Centers of Disease Control and Prevention recommends real time polymerase chain reaction as the method of choice for diagnosing H1N1. Prevention of swine influenza has three components: prevention in swine, prevention of transmission to humans, and prevention of its spread among humans. If a person becomes sick with swine flu, antiviral drugs used in human influenza treatment are not generally administered to swine, but Antibiotics may be used to control secondary infections. Keywords: Epidemiology, Human, Public Health, Pig, Swine Flu (H1N1), Reassortment
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