Abstract
Climate change is one of the world’s greatest challenges and creates effects on forest ecosystem. Forest ecosystems are sensitive to climate thus; climate change has significant effects on species distributions, the growth rate and structure of forests. Changes in climate are strongly affect forest ecosystem by altering the growth, mortality and reproduction of trees. Increasing temperatures changes the timing of life cycle events (phenology), with earlier bud burst, leafing and flowering in trees. This review focuses on the effect of climate change on forest ecosystems. Climate change alters and shifts forest ecosystems both directly and indirectly. Warming temperature directly affects rate of plant photosynthesis and respiration processes, also indirectly by increasing the risk of infestation.
Highlights
Climate is the primary force shaping the major biomes of the world [1]
These ecosystem services comprise both goods and processes are currently affected by climate change
At present global climate change shows a general increase in temperatures and levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide as well as changes in precipitation
Summary
Climate is the primary force shaping the major biomes (such as forests, grasslands, etc.) of the world [1]. The world’s climate is changing, changes in the climate are likely to strongly affect forest ecosystems by altering the growth, mortality and reproduction of trees. Ecosystem services (supporting, regulating, provisioning and cultural services) are the benefits people derive from the natural processes that sustain ecosystems. These ecosystem services comprise both goods and processes are currently affected by climate change. The host physiology and defenses, relationships between pests, their environment and other species such as natural enemies, competitors and mutualists are affected when climate changed [2]. Climate variation produces detectable effects on tree and sapling growth in natural forests
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