Abstract
Wind diesel isolated microgrids (WDIMs) combine wind turbine generators (WTGs) with diesel generators (DGs) to supply electricity to remote consumers. WDIMs are low-inertia isolated power systems where large system frequency and voltage variations occur. WDIM dynamic modeling allows short-term simulations to be performed and detailed electrical variable transients to be obtained so that the WDIM power quality and stability can be tested. This paper presents a literature review about WDIM dynamic simulation. The review classifies articles according to factors such as the different WDIM operation modes (diesel only, wind–diesel and wind only) simulated, the types of WTGs used in the WDIM (constant- and variable-speed types), or the use of different short-term energy storage technologies (batteries, ultracapacitors, flywheels) to improve the WDIM power quality, stability and reliability. Papers about the dynamic simulation of related isolated microgrids are also reviewed. Finally, as an example of WDIM dynamic simulation, a WDIM with one WTG, one DG, load and a discrete dump load (DL) is modeled and simulated. The WDIM response to variations of wind speed and load consumption is shown by graphs of the main electrical variables. The simulations show how the DL is used to improve the WDIM stability and reliability.
Highlights
Wind diesel isolated microgrids (WDIMs) are microgrids that combine wind turbine generators (WTGs) with diesel generators (DGs) to supply electricity to remote consumers
If the voltage waveform is generated by a voltage source inverter (VSI) which connects either a WTG or an energy storage system (ESS) to the grid, and the VSI works with constant frequency, the WDIM active power unbalances will be translated into voltage variations [9]
WDIMs are remote microgrids [70,71] that operate in an autonomous mode [72], so WDIMs can be related to other isolated microgrid studies
Summary
Wind diesel isolated microgrids (WDIMs) are microgrids that combine wind turbine generators (WTGs) with diesel generators (DGs) to supply electricity to remote consumers. The WTG consists of a wind turbine (WT) driving the rotor of an electrical generator. The WTG electrical generator can be connected directly to the grid or through a power converter. The dump load (DL) consists of a resistor bank connected to the grid through power switches or an electronic power converter. The energy storage system (ESS) consists of short-term energy storage technology suitable for grid applications [1] (based on flywheels, batteries, ultracapacitors, etc.) connected to the grid through an electronic power converter. The ESS behaves as a controlled active power producer/consumer. The reactive power block supplies reactive power to the isolated grid It can be a synchronous condenser, a static VAR compensator or integrated into the ESS electronic power converter
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