Abstract
Natural products have limitation in the bioavailability of active components because of numbers of reasons which includes poor solubility of the ingredient, poor stability due to gastric and colonic acidity, poor metabolism by the effect of gut microflora, poor absorption across the intestinal wall, poor active efflux mechanism and first-pass metabolic effects these factors make the failure of clinical trials and efficacy of natural phytochemicals used for human consumption both in cell culture and preclinical animal model systems is distinctly addressed by various researchers. Over the past decades, extraordinary advances have been made successfully on the development of novel drug delivery systems for encapsulation of plant active metabolites including organic, inorganic and hybrid nanoparticles .Various nanosystems and advanced biotechnology systems have been introduced to improve the therapeutic efficacy, safety and market appeal of nutraceuticals and phytochemicals, including liposomes, polymeric micelles, nanoparticles, and phytosomes. The advanced formulas are confirmed to have extraordinary benefits over conventional and previously used systems in the manner of solubility, bioavailability, toxicity, pharmacological activity, stability, distribution, sustained delivery, and both physical and chemical degradation.
Highlights
From the literature it is evident that herbal drugs show their pharmacological action either due to specific constituent or due to combination of constituents .Various ecological factors as well as the time of collection of plant material play crucial role on concentration of phytochemicals,which may varies in batch to batch and directly induce affect on pharmacological response of that particular batch of drug .Best response can be obtained only if phytochemicals are available in concentration ranges with in the therapeutic range of that particular molecule .Any fluctuations above or below the therapeutic concentration lead to either toxic effects or no response
The titration of dose as well as the determination of dose is necessory. To overcome such cases and to enhance the efficacy of the herbal drug Novel Drug Delivery System (NDDS) play important role, which is a unique blend of various branches of science such as polymer technology, pharmaceutics, immunology, molecular biology, etc
Phytosome is a patented technology developed by a leading manufacturer of drugs and nutraceuticals, to incorporate standardized plant extracts or water soluble phytoconstituents into phospholipids to produce lipid compatible molecular complexes, called as phytosomes and so vastly improve their absorption and bioavailability table 3 has a list of few formulations
Summary
From the literature it is evident that herbal drugs show their pharmacological action either due to specific constituent or due to combination of constituents .Various ecological factors as well as the time of collection of plant material play crucial role on concentration of phytochemicals ,which may varies in batch to batch and directly induce affect on pharmacological response of that particular batch of drug .Best response can be obtained only if phytochemicals are available in concentration ranges with in the therapeutic range of that particular molecule .Any fluctuations above or below the therapeutic concentration lead to either toxic effects or no response. The novel formulations are reported to have remarkable advantages over conventional formulations of phytochemicals and extracts which include enhancement of solubility, bioavailability, protection from toxicity, enhancement of pharmacological activity, enhancement of stability, improved tissue macrophages distribution, sustained delivery, and provide protection from physical and chemical degradation of active phytoconstituent [4]. In phyto-formulation research, developing nanodosage forms (polymeric nanoparticles and nanocapsules, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, phytosomes and nanoemulsion etc.) have a number of advantages for herbal drugs, including enhancement of solubility and bioavailability, protection from toxicity, enhancement of pharmacological activity, enhancement of stability, improving tissue macrophages distribution, sustained delivery, protection from physical and chemical degradation etc. Targeting of essential oils to cells, enhance penetration into, cytoplasmatic barrier
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