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Abstract
Nitrogen species present in the atmosphere, soil, and water play a vital role in ecosystem stability. Reactive nitrogen gases are key air quality indicators and are responsible for atmospheric ozone layer depletion. Soil nitrogen species are one of the primary macronutrients for plant growth. Species of nitrogen in water are essential indicators of water quality, and they play an important role in aquatic environment monitoring. Anthropogenic activities have highly impacted the natural balance of the nitrogen species. Therefore, it is critical to monitor nitrogen concentrations in different environments continuously. Various methods have been explored to measure the concentration of nitrogen species in the air, soil, and water. Here, we review the recent advancements in optical and electrochemical sensing methods for measuring nitrogen concentration in the air, soil, and water. We have discussed the advantages and disadvantages of the existing methods and the future prospects. This will serve as a reference for researchers working with environment pollution and precision agriculture.
Highlights
Nitrogen is the most abundant element in our planet’s atmosphere
The increase in inorganic nitrogen in the environment promotes the growth of living organisms
Reactive nitrogen gases in the atmosphere have become a significant cause of air pollution and breathing-related diseases in the human body [5]
Summary
Nitrogen gas (N2) makes approximately 78 percent of the earth’s atmosphere [1]. It is an essential component of biomolecules, such as amino acids and nucleotides, and it is the fourth most prevalent chemical in living organisms. When excess nitrogen enters the water, it causes the overgrowth of algae. This algae boom creates a dead zone by absorbing excessive oxygen and blocking the sunlight. As a result, monitoring the nitrogen species in the environment has become an important topic [6]. This article reviews the recent advances in nitrogen detection techniques and discusses the potential future directions for real-time in situ monitoring
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