Abstract
Water is used almost in every sector, growth in population and increase in the standard of living of people so demand is increased. Water is used by all the living creatures found in the world but a very small portion of water is available for drinking and other purposes. This available usable water is mismanaged by human beings, for this mismanagement of water introducing a tool by IWA/AWWA is water-audit. Water-audit is used for reducing water-losses, leakages and gives the information of water used by consumers. Environment audit carried out in stages, water audit also consists of many stages. In this review paper, case studies are highlighted, which gives the general methodology adopted for auditing. Water balance sheet is very useful for understanding the types of losses and type of water used in particular DMA (District Metered Area). Due to the loss of water Non-revenue water is increased, for reducing losses requires huge investments.
Highlights
Population growth and people's rising living conditions are driving up demand for premium industrial goods at a tremendous rate.[1]
The holistic approach to whole water resource, transmission, and effective usage shall be filled in the water audit study in order to save investment costs
Water loss control and detection of leak have always been considered an after thought in network services
Summary
Population growth and people's rising living conditions are driving up demand for premium industrial goods at a tremendous rate.[1]. Physical losses occurs due leakages and pipe bursts in water delivery systems cause near 1/3rd of total abstracted water for urban uses to be lost.[25, 26] Leaks in the transmission, distribution, and branch lines, as well as water tank overflows, are all too responsible.[29] Many factors affect it, including soil properties, pipe material specifications, closeness to electrical currents, pressure regime, and so forth. When water supply is operated with a number of reservoirs, it is split into a series of District Metered Area (DMAs) based on the number of reservoirs and pipeline network structure.[6] DMAs are a creative design and management technology that makes water delivery systems operate more efficiently.[22] The most efficient method for reducing the period of unreported leaks is a continuously monitored DMA. The level of apparent losses is the most serious issue in Larissa's pilot area
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
