Review on combination strategy of immune checkpoint blockade, photodynamic therapy and nanomedicine against solid tumor

Abstract

Over the past decades, increasing numbers of novel treatments of solid tumors have been approved and displayed great clinical efficacy, such as immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), photodynamic therapy (PDT) and advanced nanomedicine strategy. Although deficient targeting ability and extensive toxic side effect limit the monotherapy of these treatments in clinic, combination of them can offset the defects of each other and complementarily and synergistically elicit antitumor effects as evidenced by pre-clinical and clinical trials. Herein, we summarize the status of ICB, PDT and nanotechnology in current tumor therapy, and focus on the advances of combination of the three platforms in preclinical models and discuss their future directions and clinical application.