Abstract
Almost all farmers in Ethiopia were depending on rainfall for their agricultural activities. Even if farmers depend on rainfall, climate change, especially drought highly affect the productivity of farmers in the country in general. The main objective of this review is to review household perception on climate change, adaptation strategies and determinants of choice of climate change adaptation strategies in Ethiopia. For this review secondary data was collected from published and unpublished documents related to this topic and organized. From the reviewed published and unpublished documents, smallholder farmers perceive climate change through local knowledge and their past experience rather than scientifically identified perception using GIS and remote sensing technology, farmers employed different climate change adaptation strategies such as cultivating different crops, planting different crop varieties, changing planting dates, use of soil and water conservation techniques, conservation agriculture practices and engaging in non-farm income activities. From the review result access to information, farming experience, number of households in one village, distance to main market, and income of household, and agro-ecological settings influenced farmers’ adaptation choices to climate change.
Highlights
Climate change adaptation strategies in Ethiopia vary from region to region in the country
The study conducted at different part of the country on climate change adaptation strategies and factors affecting the choice of climate change adaptation strategies were reviewed
From the review result climate change adaptation strategies used by farmers of the country were using different crop varieties, changing planting dates, planting trees, adoption of drought tolerant and early maturing crop varieties, increased use of soil and water conservation techniques or soil erosion prevention programs, diversification, water harvesting techniques, increased use of irrigation and or use of irrigation techniques, changing fertilizer application, changing cropping densities, pesticide application, the pastoral system or the herd composition, applying different feed techniques, improvement or rehabilitation of terraces, home-garden agriculture
Summary
Agricultural production in Ethiopia highly affected by climate change since almost all rain fed agriculture is practiced in the country. Elnino occurred in 2015 reduce crop and livestock production especially in drought prone areas of Ethiopian country [6]. The production system of the study area mostly depends on rain fed which is highly sensitive to climate change impact. Smallholder farmers adaptation to climate change were using improved verities of crop, adjust planting date, crop diversification, and soil conservation practice were the major adaptation strategies of smallholder farmers while experience of household head, family size, frequency of extension contact, distance from market, livestock ownership, access to credit, landholding size and lack of affordable technology affects the household decision to adopt climate change adaptation strategies [4]
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