Review on Breeding Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Genotypes for Processing Quality Traits

Ebrahim Seid

doi:10.7176/jnsr/12-13-03

Abstract

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L .) is a rich source of protein, energy, vitamins and minerals. Potato is in the family Solanaceae with chromosome numbers vary from diploid (2n = 2x = 24) to hexaploid (2n = 6x = 72). In Ethiopia, the major objectives of potato breeding was targeted at selection of clones for high yield, wide adaptability and resistance for late blight, hence processing qualitative traits were not the main targets in potato breeding program still near future. Therefore, the objective of this review article is to discuss breeding potato genotypes for desirable processing quality traits. Tuber shape is a syndrome of many characters that considers the length/width ratio for describing the overall shape; it varies from compressed/round to long. The yellow pigment in potato tuber flesh is caused by various carotenoids that may protect against cancer, cardiovascular disease, and macular eye degeneration. The genetics of morphological traits are Tuber flesh color, skin color and tuber shape and eye depth. To minimize waste, varieties with long tubers are preferred for French fries and varieties with round tubers are ideal for crisps. Eye depth is an important trait of tuber quality because deep eyes affect the appearance of tubers and add to the cost of peeling in processing factories. Tuber quality traits in potato are specific gravity, dry mater content, starch content, Glycolalkaloids and tuber size uniformity. Specific gravity of potatoes is commonly used by the potato processing industry as a tool for quick estimation of dry matter content, as both are highly correlated. Tuber dry matter content and specific gravity significantly influenced by the interaction effect of growing environment and cultivars. Processing quality usually has relatively low to moderately high heritability, depending on the progenitor materials. Therefore, multiple location tests over several years are often required in order to determine whether a clone has indeed a high processing quality. Keywords: Potato breeding; Tuber quality; Dry mater content; Specific gravity; Processing. DOI: 10.7176/JNSR/12-13-03 Publication date: July 31 st 2021

Highlights

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most important tuber crops, is used worldwide for human and animal consumption, and as raw material for starch and alcohol production (Storey, 2007)
Red-skinned cultivars with low dry matter content are used for fresh market, whereas long types are suitable for French fries
In Ethiopia, the major objectives of potato breeding was targeted at selection of clones for high yield, wide adaptability and resistance for late blight, processing qualitative traits were not the main targets in potato breeding program still near future

Summary

Introduction

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most important tuber crops, is used worldwide for human and animal consumption, and as raw material for starch and alcohol production (Storey, 2007). More than a billion people eat potato worldwide, and global total production exceeds 300 million metric tons (CIP, 2021). It is a nutritious vegetable containing 16% carbohydrates, 2% proteins, 1% minerals, 0.6% dietary fiber and a negligible amount of fat (Gumul et al, 2011). Besides being important in human diet, potatoes are used as animal feed and as raw material for starch production. Red-skinned cultivars with low dry matter content are used for fresh market, whereas long types are suitable for French fries. In USA and in several European countries, more than 50% of tuber yield is given to the processing industry (Carputo et al, 2004)

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Conclusion