Review on Application of Plant Tissue Culture in Plant Breeding

Abenezer Abebe Tefera

doi:10.7176/jnsr/9-3-03

Abstract

Plant breeders employ a variety of techniques to improve the genetic composition of crops and a successful strategy is dependent on the physical, physiological and hereditary characteristics of the plant. Plant tissue culture is one of the method used in plant breeding used in disease free plant development, genetic transformation, Somatic embryogenesis, embryo rescue, and anther and ovule culture for post fertilizer barrier and polyploidy induction. It play great role in plant/crop improvement as it involves in variation creation, conservation of germplasm and shorten the breeding cycle by developing homozygous parents with single a generation. So, the review is designed to assess application of tissue culture in improvement of field crop, ornamental, forest tree or plants as whole for human benefits. Keywords: plant , tissue culture, breeding DOI : 10.7176/JNSR/9-3-03

Highlights

Plant tissue culture broadly refers to growing plant cells, tissues, organs, seeds, or other plant parts in a sterile environment on a nutrient medium
Research in plant tissue culture over the past several decades has led to the development of techniques used commercially across the globe to rapidly multiply a wide range of crops and improve their production systems (Zulkarnain et al, 2015).The theoretical bases of plant tissue culture was first proposed by Gottleib Haberlandt in 1902 after his experiment on culture of single cell from photosynthetic leaf cell, but, the concept evolves into a powerful tool utilized throughout the plant sciences since 105 years after his work even he were not realized the idea very well (Touchell et al, 2008)
The areas ranges from micro-propagation of ornamental and forest trees, production of pharmaceutically interesting compounds, and plant breeding for improved nutritional value of staple crop plants, and conservation of plant genetic resources

Summary

Introduction

Plant tissue culture broadly refers to growing plant cells, tissues, organs, seeds, or other plant parts in a sterile environment on a nutrient medium. Plant tissue culture is one of the method used in plant breeding used in disease free plant development, genetic transformation, Somatic embryogenesis (initiation embryo from somatic cell), embryo rescue, and anther and ovule culture for post fertilizer barrier and polyploidy induction(Touchell et al, 2008). In vitro techniques for the culture of protoplasts, anthers, microspores, ovules and embryos have been used to create new genetic variation in the breeding lines, often via haploid production (Brown and Thorpe, 1995). Can be obtained homozygote plants in a short time by producing haploid plants through pollen culture, anther or ovaries followed by chromosome doubling. Having this idea the objective of the review could be stated as follow;

Objective

Findings

Conclusion