Abstract
Due to the irreversible energy substitution from fossil fuels to clean energy, the development trend of future power systems is based on renewable energy generation. However, due to the incompatibility of converter-based non-dispatchable renewable energy generation, the stability and reliability of traditional power systems deteriorate as more renewables are introduced. Since conventional power systems are dominated by synchronous machines (SM), it is natural to utilize a virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control strategy that intimates SM characteristics on integrated converters. The VSG algorithm developed in this paper originates from mimicking mathematic models of synchronous machines. Among the different models of implementation, the second-order model is simple, stable, and compatible with the control schemes of current converters in traditional power systems. The VSG control strategy is thoroughly researched and case studied for various converter-interfaced systems that include renewable generation, energy storage, electric vehicles (EV), and other energy demands. VSG-based integration converters can provide grid services such as spinning reserves and inertia emulation to the upper grids of centralized plants, distributed generation networks, and microgrids. Thus, the VSG control strategy has paved a feasible way for an evolutionary transition to a power electronics-based future power grid. By referring to the knowledge of traditional grids, a hierarchical system of operations can be established. Finally, generation and loads can be united in universal compatibility architecture under consolidated synchronous mechanisms.
Highlights
Renewable energy, such as photovoltaic and wind energy, has been widely developed and utilized in power systems during the past few decades, which has been prompted by the urge to tackle environment crises and sustain economic development [1]
Among the numerous research on virtual synchronous generator (VSG) implementation, the concept based on second-order model, which includes the swing equation and voltage amplitude given by a reactive power controller, is simple in that can be combined with virtually any control scheme for the converter [28]
In order to maintain the stability of both sub-micro grids (MGs) in terms of alternating current (AC) frequency and AC/direct current (DC) bus voltage against generation and consumption fluctuations in both grid-connected and autonomous modes, accurate power exchange, inertia emulation, and dynamic power oscillation damping are the crucial tasks for a bidirectional interlinking converter (BIC) [77]
Summary
Renewable energy, such as photovoltaic and wind energy, has been widely developed and utilized in power systems during the past few decades, which has been prompted by the urge to tackle environment crises and sustain economic development [1]. The integration of renewable energy generation is one of the central demands of any future smart grid, yet there are still many issues and challenges. VSM technology has great prospects in future power systems It can be used as a low-level control strategy that utilizes autonomous control for the converter-based apparatus, while the communication and information network can be implemented for upper-level control. This paper reviews the VSG control-enabled universal compatibility architecture for future power systems with high-penetration renewable energy generation.
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