Abstract
The demand for freshwater is increasing not only for drinking purpose but also in the other sectors. Desalination technology is the effective method to reduce burden on the freshwater bodies which is only 3% of the total water system. The conventional energy sources are depleting at the alarming rate. The use of non-conventional sources needs to be encouraged as it is not only inexhaustible but also environment friendly which helps in reducing the carbon emission. These sources of energy can resolve the problem of energy deficiency in developing countries and the nations with abundance of renewable energy but lacks in the availability of clean water. This paper gives the review of various renewable energy sources (RES) like solar, wind and solar/wind hybrid-driven desalination technologies. The paper also presents the cost analysis of the renewable energy-powered desalination technologies. It also increases the operating time and reduces cost of producing freshwater. The use of energy storage can in turn most helpful solution to the stand-alone desalination system to store the excess amount of energy/electricity produced by the RES.
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