Review of Toxic Chemical Factors Influence in Gastric and Duodenal Ulcers

Abstract

ABSTRACT Peptic ulcer is a lesion most often located in the stomach or the proximal duodenum. The incidence, the hospitalization rate and the associated mortality in the last decades is decreasing due to modern therapy and hygiene measures. Approximately half of the population is colonized by H. Pylori, which is one of the main causes of ulcers. Other contributing factors are diet and stress. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatories cause damage to the gastro-duodenal mucosa by inhibiting cyclooxygenase-1. Concomitant consumption of proton pump inhibitors can be a solution. Natural evolution can lead to healing or complications. Ulcer perforation is one of the loudest and most serious complications of ulcers. Alcohol consumption has been shown to be a strong risk factor. Various studies have shown that smokers have a double risk of developing gastro-duodenal ulcers.