Abstract
Indicators of environmental policies in force in Mexico, fossil fuels will continue to be used in industrial sectors, especially marine fuels, such as marine diesel oil, in port systems for some time. Considering this, we have evaluated several methods corresponding to a top-down system for determining fuel consumption and sulfur dioxide atmospheric emissions for the port of Veracruz in 2020 by type of ship on a daily resolution, considering a sulfur content of 0.5% mass by mass in marine fuel. After analyzing seven methods for determining sulfur dioxide atmospheric emission levels, Goldsworthy’s method was found to be the best option to characterize this port. The port system has two maritime zones, one of which is in expansion, which represented 55.66% of fuel consumption and 23.05% of atmospheric emissions according to the typology of vessels. We found that higher fuel consumption corresponded to container vessels, and tanker vessels represented higher atmospheric emission levels in the berthing position. The main differences that we found in the analysis of the seven methods of the top-down system corresponded to the load factor parameter, main and auxiliary engine power, and estimation of fuel consumption by type of vessel.
Highlights
Two traditional approaches, the bottom-up and top-down methods, have been widely used for generating atmospheric emission inventories in ports (Corbett and Koehler [1,2], Browning and Bailey [3], and Brown and Aldridge [4])
The bottom-up method is commonly used for estimating atmospheric emissions, due to this method considering the time of operation and power of the main engine (ME) and auxiliary engine (AE), load factor (LF), maximum continuous rating (MCR), specific fuel consumption (SFC), the emission factor of each engine in each navigation phase, and the Gross Tonnage (GT) by type of vessel
For the Van der Gon and Hulskotte method, we only show the level of atmospheric emissions in berthing position since their information corresponds to this position, i.e., the emission factor that determines the level of fuel consumption and atmospheric emissions corresponds to berthing position
Summary
The bottom-up and top-down methods, have been widely used for generating atmospheric emission inventories in ports (Corbett and Koehler [1,2], Browning and Bailey [3], and Brown and Aldridge [4]). In accordance with the rule implemented by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), sulfur content in marine fuels was reduced from 3.5% to 0.5% mass by mass (m/m) globally, beginning 1 January 2020 [28]. The IMO rule is expected to reinforce the Marine Pollution (MARPOL) Agreement, Annex VI, which focuses on reducing atmospheric emissions in port to improve or maintain air quality for port city populations. The strategy of reducing sulfur content in marine fuels to 0.5% m/m worldwide is intended to improve air quality by reducing emissions from the movement of ships. This reduction has been adopted by the IMO, effective 1 January 2020.
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