Abstract
Very early in the study of the systematics of Hymenoptera, a division of the order into two groups was established―a smaller and more primitive group in which the larval stages are plant feeders, and a much larger group with larvae of diverse feeding habits (primarily zoophagous, but some secondarily phytophagous). This classification is still used, and the suborders are, respectively, the Chalastogastra (also called Symphyta, Phytophaga, or Sessiliventres) and Clistogastra (also designated Apocrita or Petiolata).
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