Abstract
Molecular epidemiological investigation of measles outbreaks can document the interruption of endemic measles transmission and is useful for establishing and clarifying epidemiological links between cases in geographically distinct clusters. To determine the distribution of measles virus genotypes in the prevaccine and postvaccine eras, a literature search of biomedical databases, measles surveillance websites and other electronic sources was conducted for English language reports of measles outbreaks or genetic characterization of measles virus isolates. Genotype assignments based on classification systems other than the currently accepted WHO nomenclature were reassigned using the current criteria. This review gives a comprehensive overview of the distribution of MV genotypes in the prevaccine and postvaccine eras and describes the geographically diverse distribution of some measles virus genotypes and the localized distributions of other genotypes.
Highlights
Measles virus (MV) is serologically monotypic, the genetic characterization of wild-type viruses has identified eight clades (A – H), which have been divided into 22 genotypes and one proposed genotype
New genotype classifications should be useful for epidemiological studies, by providing a means to identify the source or transmission pathway of infection and by contributing to our understanding of the global distribution of measles virus (MV) genotypes [2]. The purpose of this summary is to collate all available reports of MV genotypes and to standardize the published genotype nomenclature, according to the current World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, with the aim of giving a comprehensive overview of the distribution of MV genotypes in the prevaccine and postvaccine eras
Measles outbreak alerts were received through the WHO network, which distributes outbreak notifications
Summary
Measles virus (MV) is serologically monotypic, the genetic characterization of wild-type viruses has identified eight clades (A – H), which have been divided into 22 genotypes and one proposed genotype. New genotype classifications should be useful for epidemiological studies, by providing a means to identify the source or transmission pathway of infection and by contributing to our understanding of the global distribution of MV genotypes [2]. The purpose of this summary is to collate all available reports of MV genotypes and to standardize the published genotype nomenclature, according to the current WHO criteria, with the aim of giving a comprehensive overview of the distribution of MV genotypes in the prevaccine and postvaccine eras
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