Review of the North American fauna of Drymeia Meigen (Diptera, Muscidae) and evaluation of DNA barcodes for species-level identification in the genus.

Jade Savage,Vera S Sorokina

doi:10.3897/zookeys.1024.60393

Jade Savage, Vera S Sorokina

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1024.60393

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Abstract

The North American fauna of Drymeia Meigen was studied. Four new species are described (Drymeia huckettisp. nov., Drymeia pontisp. nov., Drymeia vockerothisp. nov., Drymeia woodorumsp. nov.), and three new synonymies are proposed: Drymeia amnicola (Huckett, 1966) (= Drymeia rivalis (Huckett, 1966), syn. nov.); Drymeia glacialis (Rondani, 1866) (= Drymeia alpicola (Rondani, 1871), syn. nov.); and Drymeia spinitarsis (Aldrich, 1918) (= Drymeia longiseta Sorokina & Pont, 2015, syn. nov.). An annotated checklist, DNA barcodes (when available), and keys for each sex of the 24 named species of North American Drymeia are provided. The utility of DNA barcodes for the identification of Drymeia species across a wide geographical range was explored using sequences from five countries. A match between morphology and DNA barcodes was found for 71% (22/31) of species studied (including three unnamed taxa). The remaining nine species clustered into two groups of taxa with very little interspecific variation within clusters (groups of two and seven species). Caution is advised against using DNA barcoding as the only determination tool for Drymeia material without prior knowledge of its limitations for certain species groups.

Highlights

The genus Drymeia Meigen, 1826 includes more than 130 species of mid-sized mus cids that can usually be distinguished from other members of the Muscidae by the combination of a dilated and densely setose gena, proclinate orbital bristles in the female, and three or more posterodorsal bristles on the hind tibia
Prior to the present work, 21 species were recorded from North America, all found in the Nearctic region (Aldrich 1918; Malloch 1918; Huckett 1965a, b, 1966) with Drymeia aterimma (Wulp, 1896) being the only species recorded from the Neotropical region (Mexico) (Nihei and Carvalho 2004; Carvalho et al 2005)
Following the examination of material from the four Barcoding Index Number (BIN) containing specimens we could not assign to known species based on morphology we described one new species, Drymeia hucketti sp. nov. (BOLD:ACA9214)

Summary

Introduction

The genus Drymeia Meigen, 1826 includes more than 130 species of mid-sized mus cids that can usually be distinguished from other members of the Muscidae by the combination of a dilated and densely setose gena, proclinate orbital bristles in the female, and three or more posterodorsal bristles on the hind tibia. An apical ventral spur of variable size can be found on the hind tibia of males in many species (see Fig. 2) and some taxa such as Drymeia pribilofensis (Malloch, 1919) and D. spinitarsis (Aldrich, 1918) exhibit elongated mouthparts (see Fig. 8A, B). Eightyeight species are recorded from the Palaearctic region (Hennig 1962a, b; Pont 1986; Fan 2008; Sorokina and Pont 2010, 2015; Michelsen 2011) and 34 from the Oriental region (Pont 1981; Shinonaga and Singh 1994; Shinonaga 2007; Xue et al 2007, 2008, 2009; Fan 2008). Prior to the present work, 21 species were recorded from North America, all found in the Nearctic region (Aldrich 1918; Malloch 1918; Huckett 1965a, b, 1966) with Drymeia aterimma (Wulp, 1896) being the only species recorded from the Neotropical region (Mexico) (Nihei and Carvalho 2004; Carvalho et al 2005)

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