Abstract
X-ray studies of the interface between liquid metals and their coexisting vapor are reviewed. After a brief discussion of the few elemental liquid metals for which the surface Debye-Waller effect is sufficiently weak to allow measurement, this paper will go on to discuss the various types of surface phenomena that have been observed for liquid metal alloys. These include surface adsorption, surface freezing, surface aggregation of nm size atomic clusters, and surface chemistry that leads to new 3D crystalline phases.
Highlights
D’Evelyn and Rice1–3 first drew attention to the fact that since liquid metals consist of charged ions suspended in a Fermi sea of conduction electrons the ion-ion interactions should be qualitatively different from the van der Waals atom-atom interactions in the vapor above the liquid surface
After a brief discussion of the few elemental liquid metals for which the surface Debye-Waller effect is sufficiently weak to allow measurement, this paper will go on to discuss the various types of surface phenomena that have been observed for liquid metal alloys
We initially described the salient features of the x-ray specular reflectivity studies that were subsequently done on some of the elemental liquid metals
Summary
“Review of the Highlights of X-Ray Studies of Liquid Metal Surfaces.”. After a brief discussion of the few elemental liquid metals for which the surface Debye-Waller effect is sufficiently weak to allow measurement, this paper will go on to discuss the various types of surface phenomena that have been observed for liquid metal alloys These include surface adsorption, surface freezing, surface aggregation of nm size atomic clusters, and surface chemistry that leads to new 3D crystalline phases.
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