Abstract
With the gradual depletion of shallow resources, deep mining has become an inevitable trend and has become an important part of the world mining industry. The high stress concentration caused by redistribution of original stress field will lead to stress-driven failure of surrounding rock; conventional methods, such as point-location stress measurement, analytical analysis, numerical simulation, and physical modeling, are not able to completely reflect the distribution and evolution characteristics of the mining-induced stress field in real time and at mine scale, so it is difficult to fully understand, control, and prevent mining-induced injuries and fatalities. In the past decades, microseismic monitoring technology, velocity tomography, numerical simulation, and laboratory test technology have been successfully applied to better understand mining-induced stress and rock mass failures. The combination of these methods has led to innovative ways to investigate the mining-induced stress field, surrounding rock failure, and hazard prevention. This review focuses on the mining-induced stress and velocity tomography based on microseismic monitoring data. Research progress in analysis and measurement methods of mining-induced stress, rock mechanics for mining, and velocity tomography practices are presented.
Highlights
Is paper summarizes the research progress in understanding mining-induced stress, rock mechanics related with mining disturbance, and microseismic velocity tomography and its application in mining engineering. e aim of this review is to build the relationships among three topics: mining-induced stress, rock mass response, and microseismic velocity tomography; each topic is reviewed in a separate section
According to the experimental results of rock mechanics tests under mining-induced stress paths, we can have a deeper understanding of the deformation and failure characteristics of surrounding rock. e failure modes of the surrounding rock can be divided into relaxation and stress-driven failures. e most commonly recognized modes are related to shear failure, which occurs along block boundaries or through the rock mass (Figure 8)
Authors of [119, 120] applied seismic tomography to detect the geologic structures in the 1310 longwall panel of Xinji No 1 coal mine; the results showed that the blind faults have evident linearity, which was validated by the practice; the tomography images clearly show the coal seam variation and mining-induced fractured zone
Summary
With the development and utilization of shallow mineral resources, resulting in the decrease of shallow mineral resources year by year, the mining of resources is in the stage of comprehensively advancing to greater depths. ere are many mines with a depth of more than 1000 m, mostly distributed in South Africa and Canada, and in the United States, India, Australia, Russia, Poland, Spain, Zambia, and other regions [1,2,3]. e depth of most gold mines in South Africa is more than 2000 m, among which the depth of the Mponeng Gold Mine is 4350 m, and the deepest end of the ore body is more than 7500 m. e mining depths of Savuka and Tautona are more than 3700 m, the West Deep gold mine of Anglo Gold Co., Ltd., has a depth of 3700 m, the ore body of West Driefontein gold mine occurs in the underground of 600 m and extends to below 6000 m. Is paper summarizes the research progress in understanding mining-induced stress, rock mechanics related with mining disturbance, and microseismic velocity tomography and its application in mining engineering. This paper points out the limitation of current microseismic tomography methods and applications and puts forward some suggestions for the future research trend
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