Review of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement, Fruits of Southern Secession, Calamitous Wars and the Disintegration of Sudan

Abstract

The secession of the Sudan into two parts, Northern and Southern countries and the following armed conflicts on its borders, calls for an analysis of why that happened. It is seen as a disaster for both as there are interrelationships between the two built over historical period. There are also inter-marriages, inter-tribal connections and sharing of resources. Even though the current dispute over recently discovered oil resources may not deny the fact that it is necessary for the oil-rich South to be economically connected with the oil refineries, pipe lines and exporting harbors for economically feasible and best benefit-cost exportation. Thus, it is not logical for the best interests of the Southern Sudan to secede. The civil war between the Northern and Southern forces lasted for five decades with an intermission during the seventies. It ended in 2005 agreement which granted the right of self-determination, even though unity of the country was the prime choice. The Southern Sudan masses selected freedom and independence in January 2011 in a vote. Why did they choose that even with impediments that shall they face, e.g., return to war, underdeveloped region, lack of education, health and living facilities. In this paper we reiterate the accords of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) and introduce a theory that the Southern Sudan people selected secession rather than living under the yoke of a merciless regime that does not recognize agreements, treaties or the right of minorities, different religions, races or skin colors of others. Independence for the Southern Sudan people represented salvation deeply realized by the abrogation of the Northern regime of the CPA. Human rights, good governance and equal rights were not recognized.