Review of the Application Progress of 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide

Abstract

Since the first synthesis of 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide (LLM-105) in Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) of America in 1993, efforts of investigation into LLM-105 have never ended due to its premium performance. Therefore, with the goal to further emphasize the importance of this material and to provide reference to the application of LLM-105 in propellants and explosives, the properties and performance of LLM-105 are briefly introduced at first and then the application of LLM-105 is reviewed in various areas, including polymer bonded explosives, double-base rocket propellants with low signature and low sensitivity, propellants for perforating cartridges in oil and gas fields and gun propellants.