Abstract
This review describes some commercially available stimuli-responsive polymers of natural and synthetic origin, and their applications in drug delivery and textiles. The polymers of natural origin such as chitosan, cellulose, albumin, and gelatin are found to show both thermo-responsive and pH-responsive properties and these features of the biopolymers impart sensitivity to act differently under different temperatures and pH conditions. The stimuli-responsive characters of these natural polymers have been discussed in the review, and their respective applications in drug delivery and textile especially for textile-based transdermal therapy have been emphasized. Some practically important thermo-responsive polymers such as pluronic F127 (PF127) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAAm) of synthetic origin have been discussed in the review and they are of great importance commercially because of their in situ gel formation capacity. Some pH-responsive synthetic polymers have been discussed depending on their surface charge, and their drug delivery and textile applications have been discussed in this review. The selected stimuli-responsive polymers of synthetic origin are commercially available. Above all, the applications of bio-based or synthetic stimuli-responsive polymers in textile-based transdermal therapy are given special regard apart from their general drug delivery applications. A special insight has been given for stimuli-responsive hydrogel drug delivery systems for textile-based transdermal therapy, which is critical for the treatment of skin disease atopic dermatitis.
Highlights
Hydrogels are three-dimensional polymeric networks made up of the same or different hydrophilic polymers and contain large amounts of water in their structure [1,2,3]
A special insight has been given for stimuli-responsive hydrogel drug delivery systems for textile-based transdermal therapy, which is critical for the treatment of skin disease atopic dermatitis
Thermo-responsive polymers show sol-gel transitions with a change in temperature of the external environment and hydrogels made of thermoresponsive polymers find tremendous drug delivery applications through simple chemical modifications [29,30,31,32], and some thermoresponsive polymers are capable of forming hydrogel near body temperature [33,34]
Summary
Hydrogels are three-dimensional polymeric networks made up of the same or different hydrophilic polymers and contain large amounts of water in their structure [1,2,3]. Thermo-responsive polymers show sol-gel transitions with a change in temperature of the external environment and hydrogels made of thermoresponsive polymers find tremendous drug delivery applications through simple chemical modifications [29,30,31,32], and some thermoresponsive polymers are capable of forming hydrogel near body temperature [33,34]. The whole of stimuli-responsible polymers mainly focus on textile based transdermal therapy where drugs and review has been divided into two parts: drug delivery and textile applications of natural stimulimoisture are simultaneously transferred to infected sites on the skin. The natural polymers are capable of showing both thermo-responsive and pH-responsive modifications and composite formation with other polymers are applied to increase and improve properties as well as simple chemical modifications and composite formation with other polymers are their biomedical applications especially for drug delivery. (B), and the pH-responsive synthetic polymers, PEG (C), PAA (D), PDMAEMA (E), and PDEAEMA (F)
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