Review of some experiments with freeze-dried grafts

Abstract

In our experience the process of preserving homologous tissue by freeze-drying for subsequent grafting has certain practical advantages. However, it also has important limitations. Freeze-dried grafts of some types of tissue result in less host tissue reaction than is seen with comparable fresh grafts. The cells are dead and the process is useful only when mechanical function and not metabolic activity is required of the grafted tissue. The grafts, in general, were successful when they were implanted in an area where they could be replaced readily by host fibroblasts and in regions free from bacterial contamination and irritating chemicals. When these criteria were met, the freeze-dried grafts were successful in animals. Successful results were obtained with arteries used for arterial replacement and as tendon sheaths. Freeze-dried bone, and also dura, functioned satisfactorily as replacements for their respective tissues. Fascia was satisfactory for the repair of ventral hernias. Preserved esophagus and artery failed when used as esophagus. Arteries failed in common bile ducts and in ureters. Fascia failed in the diaphragm. Freeze-dried homologous skin sloughed at approximately the same time as viable homologous skin.