Abstract
The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in various spheres of human activity is a promising direction for countries with very different types of economies. This statement refers to resource-rich economies as well. The peculiarities of such countries are associated with the dependence on resource prices since their economies present low diversification. Therefore, the employment of new technologies is one of the ways of increasing the sustainability of such economy development. In this context, the use of UAVs is a prospect direction, since they are relatively cheap, reliable, and their use does not require a high-tech background. The most common use of UAVs is associated with various types of monitoring tasks. In addition, UAVs can be used for organizing communication, search, cargo delivery, field processing, etc. Using additional elements of artificial intelligence (AI) together with UAVs helps to solve the problems in automatic or semi-automatic mode. Such UAV is named intelligent unmanned aerial vehicle technology (IUAVT), and its employment allows increasing the UAV-based technology efficiency. However, in order to adapt IUAVT in the sectors of economy, it is necessary to overcome a range of limitations. The research is devoted to the analysis of opportunities and obstacles to the adaptation of IUAVT in the economy. The possible economic effect is estimated for Kazakhstan as one of the resource-rich countries. The review consists of three main parts. The first part describes the IUAVT application areas and the tasks it can solve. The following areas of application are considered: precision agriculture, the hazardous geophysical processes monitoring, environmental pollution monitoring, exploration of minerals, wild animals monitoring, technical and engineering structures monitoring, and traffic monitoring. The economic potential is estimated by the areas of application of IUAVT in Kazakhstan. The second part contains the review of the technical, legal, and software-algorithmic limitations of IUAVT and modern approaches aimed at overcoming these limitations. The third part—discussion—comprises the consideration of the impact of these limitations and unsolved tasks of the IUAVT employment in the areas of activity under consideration, and assessment of the overall economic effect.
Highlights
New technologies are a mandatory component of successful economic justification when using traditional and new sectors of economy, causing an increase in production and productivity
To implement the precision agriculture systems, it is necessary to develop the models and methods of decision support systems using machine learning algorithms which are based on processing the heterogeneous data obtained with the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)
It is necessary to develop the methods of operational control of hazardous substances emissions at the production facility and quality assessment of reclamation works based on heterogeneous data received from the UAV board
Summary
New technologies are a mandatory component of successful economic justification when using traditional and new sectors of economy, causing an increase in production and productivity. These technologies are connected with extraction, processing, and production, and with data collection, processing, analysis, and application of new management methods. This study comprises the review of the possible use and benefits of utilizing the unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for such a resource-rich country such as Kazakhstan. Sustainable development of the economy requires the transition to new methods and technologies of management, involving other significant riches, which Kazakhstan has (agricultural products, animal husbandry, new deposits of minerals, human resources, etc.)
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