Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology is a powerful, rapidly developing tool for characterizing individual cells and elucidating biological mechanisms at the cellular level. Cardiovascular disease is one of the major causes of death worldwide and its precise pathology remains unclear. scRNA-seq has provided many novel insights into both healthy and pathological hearts. In this review, we summarize the various scRNA-seq platforms and describe the molecular mechanisms of cardiovascular development and disease revealed by scRNA-seq analysis. We then describe the latest technological advances in scRNA-seq. Finally, we discuss how to translate basic research into clinical medicine using scRNA-seq technology.
Highlights
To understand the phenomenon of life, it is important to elucidate the biological mechanisms of the cells that constitute living organisms
Cardiovascular disease is one of the major causes of death worldwide and includes cardiomyopathy, ischemic heart disease, and valvular disease, which can lead to heart failure and even sudden death
Understanding the molecular mechanisms of cellular responses after ischemic stress has the potential to lead to the development of patient stratification methods and novel therapeutic approaches. scRNA-seq of cardiac cells from myocardial infarction (MI) and I/R models by FACS using a large nozzle size (130 μm) identified an activated fibroblast marker but found no evidence for proliferation of significant numbers of CMs in response to cardiac injury [6,19]. These findings suggest the possibility of preventing excessive fibrosis after MI by controlling fibroblast activation and the difficulty of accelerating CM proliferation
Summary
To understand the phenomenon of life, it is important to elucidate the biological mechanisms of the cells that constitute living organisms. Ium (10× Genomics), which is a commercial droplet-based pBloatthforDmro, apl-losewqf[o5r]tahnedraCpihdropmroifuilimng(1o0f ×thGouesnaonmdsicosf)i,nwdihviicdhuaisl caecllosmbymeenrccaipasludlraotipnlgett-hbeamseidn tpinlaytform, droplets, adding barcodes to each cell’s RNAs, and sequencing them together These approaches allow for the rapid profiling of thousands of individual cells by encapsulating them in tiny droplets, adding barcodes to each cell’s RNAs, and sequencing them together. It is important to select methods according to how many cells will be analyzed and how many genes are expected to be detected These plate-based (FACS and IFC system) and droplet-based platforms (Drop-seq and Chromium) are suitable for scRNA-seq of normal and small cells. Non-CMs, such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and macrophages, and nuclei extracted from adult CMs are small enough to be analyzed using these systems
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