Abstract
Frequency map analysis [J. Laskar, Icarus 88, 266 (1990)] is used here to analyze the transverse dynamics of four third generation synchrotron light sources: the ALS, the ESRF, the SOLEIL project, and Super-ACO. Time variations of the betatron tunes give additional information for the global dynamics of the beam. The main resonances are revealed; a one-to-one correspondence between the configuration space and the frequency space can be performed. We stress that the frequency maps, and therefore the dynamics optimization, are highly sensitive to sextupolar strengths and vary in a large amount from one machine to another. The frequency maps can thus be used to characterize the different machines.
Highlights
Third generation light sources require very strong magnetic fields in order to achieve a small electron beam emittance and a high photon beam brightness together with a long Touschek lifetime. These strong magnetic fields can cause the motion of the electron to be strongly nonlinear and potentially unstable at large amplitudes resulting in a small injection efficiency and a short beam lifetime
Third generation light sources are usually built with double bend achromat (DBA) lattice modules (ESRF, SOLEIL, Super-ACO), triple bend achromat (TBA) lattice modules (ALS), and theoretical minimum emittance lattice modules (SESAME)
The lattice modules consist of different kinds of magnetic magnets distributed all around the ring, namely, dipoles for guiding electrons, quadrupoles for focusing, and sextupoles for correcting chromatic aberrations introduced by quadrupoles
Summary
Third generation light sources require very strong magnetic fields in order to achieve a small electron beam emittance and a high photon beam brightness together with a long Touschek lifetime. These strong magnetic fields can cause the motion of the electron to be strongly nonlinear and potentially unstable at large amplitudes resulting in a small injection efficiency and a short beam lifetime. Small emittances require strong quadrupole gradients which in turn require strong chromatic sextupoles used for correcting the linear chromaticities They lead to geometric and nonlinear chromatic aberrations causing resonance excitation.
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