Abstract
Steel slag is a kind of alkaline solid waste produced in the process of steel production. In China, the annual steel slag production is very large but the utilization rate is only 20%. Therefore, technologies disposing steel slag effectively need to be developed. In traditional resource utilization technology, steel slag is used in sintering flux, road construction, cement and concrete production, preparation of glass ceramics and agriculture. In these fields, we mainly give full play to steel slag’s mechanical properties. Although these traditional technologies are simple and easy to use, the main reason for their limited application is the low value of resource-based products and the lack of market competitiveness. Therefore, some new exploration has been made on the resource utilization of steel slag, including dephosphorization of sewage, heavy metal adsorption, hazardous gas removal, fixed CO2 by mineral carbonation. Compared with the traditional resource utilization technologies, these new technologies mainly utilize the physical and chemical properties of steel slag, such as alkalinity and pore characteristics. However, these new technologies also have some limitations, so it is necessary to develop a resource-based technology with strong pertinency, large consumption and high added value of products to treat steel slag. Carbon dioxide is the most important greenhouse gas leading to global climate change. At present, China’s carbon dioxide emissions are high, so it is urgent to develop effective carbon dioxide emission reduction technology. In recent years, carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) technology has received extensive attention. This paper summarizes the carbon capture utilization and sequestration technology, and discusses its problems at present.
Highlights
Known as slag of steelmaking, is a kind of alkaline solid waste produced in the process of steel production
The steel slag with high phosphorus content can be used to prepare phosphate fertilizer, supplement soil nutrients, and increase soil yield; the converter steel slag with more than 15% SiO2 can be used as silicon fertilizer after being ground to less than 60 mesh; the steel slag contains other microelements such as iron and manganese, which can be made into slow-release microelement fertilizer [26]
The results show that the steel slag has good adsorption effect on many heavy metals in sewage, such as CrO4 [31], Cu2+ [32], Pb2+ [33], As5+ [34] and Cd2 + [35] (3) Hazardous gas removal Steel slag has a good degradation effect on some harmful gases such as H2S
Summary
Known as slag of steelmaking, is a kind of alkaline solid waste produced in the process of steel production. For every ton of coarse steel produced, there are approximately 150-250kg of steel slag. Since the 21st century, the global annual production of steel slag is 130-200 million tons[2]. In 2012, China’s steel slag production was 93 million tons, but its utilization rate was only 20%. In addition to a small amount used for cement production and road construction, a large amount of steel slag was stored in the open air[3]. The current utilization rate of steel slag in China is low, and the annual utilization is less than 20 million tons. The current main utilization method is to make steel slag powder, steel slag cement and steel slag bricks, which are used as ingredients for sintered ore or Portland cement clinker in steel plants. In the United Kingdom, only about 10% of steel slag is used as resources, and the other 90% is stored in open storage or landfill
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