Abstract
Accurate projection of gas generation from landfills poses numerous difficulties. One needs to select and use an appropriate method from among several available options, and consider local and individual conditions of a landfill. These aspects are crucial for the economic management of the landfill gas in new landfills, and for assessing the impact of the gas on soil-water environment in old landfills. This paper is aimed at reviewing the research methods that can be used to assess the activity of new municipal waste landfills currently in operation, and of old, closed landfills after reclamation. Landfill activity can be assessed using different models and analysis of the produced gas. The actual data on the investigated municipal landfill showed that the landfill activity can be accurately assessed based on the quantitative determination of biogas formation using the LandGEM method, and the analysis of gas phase variability in the landfill accounting for oxygen, methane, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide share/presence. Each landfill is different and calls for an individual approach or methodological modifications.
Highlights
With waste segregation schemes widely implemented, large amounts of waste are treated as secondary raw materials suitable for recycling
The actual data on the investigated municipal landfill showed that the landfill activity can be accurately assessed based on the quantitative determination of biogas formation using the LandGEM method, and the analysis of gas phase variability in the landfill accounting for oxygen, methane, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide share/presence
3 Results and discussion 3.1 LandGEM model One of the methods for assessing a landfill activity is the LandGEM method recommended by the Environmental Protection Agency [23]
Summary
With waste segregation schemes widely implemented, large amounts of waste are treated as secondary raw materials suitable for recycling. The landfills have served as the most common final destination point for waste that was often dumped there without any selection. Expanding urban infrastructure requires development of areas adjacent to landfills. The landfill area can be reclaimed to serve recreational purposes, e.g. sports [14, 15]. Evaluation of the landfill activity and its environmental impact can substantiate the decisions on further development of such sites. It is a complex, multidirectional, and interesting research topic. It requires assessment of the processes occurring in the stored waste and their impact on the immediate environment
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