Abstract
Heavy metal pollution in soil has seriously affected the living environment of human beings. Among all heavy metal pollution, cadmium (Cd) is one of the most difficult to migrate pollutants in soil. In China, more than 11 provinces and 25 regions are rich in cadmium in the soil. At present, many researchers are looking for a proper Cd pollution remediation method. Through literature review and comparative analysis, this study summarized the main repair methods, including physical repair (digging and filling, electro kinetic remediation, frozen soil remediation technology, stabilization technology), chemical curing technology (chemical healing technology, chemical extraction), bioremediation technology (Phytoremediation technology, microbial remediation technology, animal repair technology), and joint repair (Chelating agent phytoremediation, microbial remediation). Finally, we explored the principles of these methods and compared their advantages and disadvantages. It was found that the application and selection of different treatment technologies depended on Cd rich soil area, Cd pollutant content, treatment time and other factors. In the future, the remediation of soil cadmium pollution should be scientifically selected according to the local actual situation and pay attention to the joint application of various methods.
Highlights
Cadmium is one of the five most toxic chemical elements
As cadmium is highly resistant to corrosion, damages to the soil caused by cadmium pollution is basically irreversible
As for human related reasons that account for soil cadmium pollution, there are, in general, four types of human activities that all have significantly negative impact on the environment: 1) Atmosphere deposition; 2) Sewage irrigation; 3) Use of cadmium fertilizer; 4) Industrial waste stacking
Summary
Cadmium is one of the five most toxic chemical elements (mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, and chromium). Contaminated environment is difficult to recover from cadmium pollution. A national report showed that the total excess rate of heavy metals in cultivated soil in China is 19.4%, of which the excess rate of cadmium is 7.0%, ranking first in Chinese soil pollutants [3]. Related research investigations have confirmed that cadmium pollution is widespread in rice and other agricultural products, especially in the acid red soil regions of the south China [4,5,6]. In this way, cadmium in the environment enters and influences the human body mainly through the soil-crop-food chain [7]. We made a comparison of different technologies for cadmium absorption in soil
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