Abstract
In recent years, there has been rapid growth of Chinese rail transit networks. Many of these networks require elevated bridges. This results in a bridge-borne noise source, which occurs in addition to the main noise source (i.e., wheel–rail interactions). Bridge-borne noise is attracting increasing attention because of its low-frequency noise characteristics. This review paper first analyzes the space distribution, spectral characteristics, and sound pressure levels of noise radiated by all-concrete, steel–concrete composite, and all-steel bridges, mainly according to experimental studies. Second, this paper reviews existing theoretical prediction models of noise emanating from bridges: the semianalytical method, the Rayleigh integral method, the boundary element method, and statistical energy analysis. Several case studies are reviewed, and their results are discussed. Finally, according to the results of the current review, the main factors affecting bridge-borne noise are analyzed, several noise reduction measures are proposed for different types of bridges, and their effectiveness is demonstrated.
Highlights
When a train passes over a bridge, vibrations are generated owing to irregularities in the wheels and the track
The vibratory acceleration was reduced in the main frequency range, and the sound pressure level (SPL) underneath the bridge was reduced by 2–4 dB(A) at different train speeds
The space distribution, spectral characteristics, and SPL of noise radiated by bridges were briefly analyzed
Summary
When a train passes over a bridge, vibrations are generated owing to irregularities in the wheels and the track These vibrations cause the wheels and track to radiate noise and transfer energy directly to each component of the bridge, causing the beams, piers, and other components to vibrate, forming secondary noise radiation. The magnitude of such bridge-borne noise can typically be 10 dB or more for common railway networks [1, 2]. Bridges vary significantly in design and construction: those constructed from steel radiate mid- to high-frequency noise (200–1,000 Hz), while concrete bridgeborne noise is generally low-frequency noise (\200 Hz). Several noise reduction control measures are proposed and their effectiveness demonstrated
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