Abstract
AbstractThe rapid changes in global average surface temperature have unfathomed influences on human society, environment, ecosystem, availability of food and fresh water. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and human-induced effects are playing an enhanced role in climate change. It is of utmost importance to ascertain the hydroclimatological changes in order to ascertain the characteristics of detection and attribution (D&A) of human-induced anthropogenic influences on recent warming. Climate change D&A are interrelated. Their study enhances our understanding about the rudimentary causes leading to climate changes and hence, considered as a decisive element in all Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Assessment Reports. An extensive discussion of the concerned scientific literature on climate change D&A is indispensably needed for the scientific community to assess climate change threats in clear terms. This study has reviewed various processes and advances in climate change D&A analyses at global/regional scales during the past few decades. Regression-based optimal fingerprint approach is majorly employed in climate change D&A studies. The accumulation of inferences presented in this study from numerous studies could be extremely helpful for the scientific community and policymakers as they deal with climate change adaptation and mitigation challenges.
Highlights
The ‘warming of the climate system is unequivocal’ because of the consistent overall warming trend since the mid 20th century, which can be attributed extremely likely to humaninduced anthropogenic influence (Stocker et al )
Results of detection and attribution (D&A) analysis could be useful to constrain the predictions of future climate change and key climate system properties such as equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS), transient climate response (TCR) and transient climate response to cumulative CO2 emissions (TCRE)
TCR matches more closely with the variation in past CO2 concentration and differs from ECS as the distribution of heat between the atmosphere and oceans might not have reached equilibrium state. Constraints on these climate system properties are formulated based on the recent observed climate change, climate modelling information and complementing analysis of feedbacks
Summary
The ‘warming of the climate system is unequivocal’ because of the consistent overall warming trend since the mid 20th century, which can be attributed extremely likely to humaninduced anthropogenic influence (Stocker et al ). Extreme event attribution is a recent growing research field which deals with extremes such as heatwaves, droughts, floods and wildfires which vary greatly in different parts of the world. Attributions of these events never conclude concrete inferences, as these compare the probabilities of occurrence of a particular event in the world under the presence/absence of global warming.
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