Abstract
Grid codes play a significant role in setting power system characteristics, such as ramp rate of different kinds of power plants. Using novel energy sources, like solar energy, for supplying electrical power demands, develops the requisite for controlling the characteristics of these sources such as their power ramp rates. While solar power is going to increase or decrease, ramp rate control is crucial. There have been suggested different strategies for power ramp rate control. Some of these strategies need batteries and some do not. Due to solar radiation uncertainties, it is necessary to use energy storage systems to control power ramp rate. On the other hand, batteries add huge costs and unreliability to the power systems. As a result, there is a trading-off among initial cost, reliability, security, and operation costs for selecting an optimal strategy. Also significance of the grid is a decisive factor. In this paper, some power ramp rate control schemes are discussed, and the advantages and disadvantages of different types of schemes have been analyzed. Also, in this literature different kinds of power ramp rate control strategies for photovoltaics have been clustered into some major sets. Besides, power ramp rate control is essential for novel schemes such as virtual synchronous machines, so emerging virtual inertia in novel power grids is another motivation to establish different methods for controlling the power ramp rate of renewable energy sources. Thus, in this paper, there is a section discussing the applications of power ramp rate control schemes.
Highlights
Min imizing frequency fluctuation range plays an important role in improving stability of power systems [1]; On the other hand, system stability during frequency fluctuations is a serious concern for operators [2]
Some earlier papers have reviewed the Power Ramp Rate control (PRRC) methods, but in this paper, for the first time we have grouped the frameworks into two major sets including methods requiring battery storage and methods without battery storage
Recent platforms with Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) try to use min imu m possible battery capacity, because battery life cycle is shorter than other components in power systems and the cost of battery maintenance is a serious technical economic concern as well
Summary
Min imizing frequency fluctuation range plays an important role in improving stability of power systems [1]; On the other hand, system stability during frequency fluctuations is a serious concern for operators [2]. Different grid codes offers different values for the ramp rates, all of them are within specific ranges, in other wo rds, values for each group of power sources are s imilar. Some earlier papers have reviewed the Power Ramp Rate control (PRRC) methods, but in this paper, for the first time we have grouped the frameworks into two major sets including methods requiring battery storage and methods without battery storage. In final part of the paper, the most important application of PRRC is discussed as well
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