Abstract
Significant growth in solar photovoltaic (PV) installation has been observed during the last decade in standalone and grid-connected power generation systems. However, the PV system has a non-linear output characteristic because of weather intermittency, which tends to a substantial loss in overall system output. Thus, to optimize the output of the PV system, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques are used to track the global maximum power point (GMPP) and extract the maximum power from the PV system under different weather conditions with better precision. Since MPPT is an essential part of the PV system, to date, many MPPT methods have been developed by various researchers, each with unique features. A Google Scholar survey of the last five years (2015–2020) was performed to investigate the number of review articles published. It was found that overall, seventy-one review articles were published on different MPPT techniques; out of those, only four were on non-uniform solar irradiance, and seven review articles included shading conditions. Unfortunately, very few attempts were made in this regard. Therefore, a comprehensive review paper on this topic is needed, in which almost all the well-known MPPT techniques should be encapsulated in one document. This article focuses on online and soft-computing MPPT algorithm classifications under non-uniform irradiance conditions along with their mathematical expression, operating principles, and block diagram/flow charts. It will provide a direction for future research and development in the field of maximum power point tracking optimization.
Highlights
Global warming, fossil fuel shortage, political instability in major fuel-producing countries, and Global warming, fossil fuel shortage, political instability indevelopment major fuel-producing countries, per-unit cost reduction in power generation with technological in renewable energy and per-unit cost reduction in power generation with technological development in renewable energy technologies (RETs) have diverted the considerable attention of power electronics manufacturers and technologies (RETs) towards have diverted the considerable attention of power electronics manufacturers andof power producers the design, development, implementation, and maximum utilization power producers towards the design, development, implementation, and maximum utilization of RETs to fulfill growing world energy demands [1,2,3]
The method restricts search range to determine the of the last term in the order, where the direction of line search shifting is determined by the value the c and c are the two restricted Fibonacci sequence numbers used in this method, where c is Fibonacci Search (FS) method for limiting and shifting the optimal hold pointissearch in the range is illustrated in Figure the last term in the order, where the direction of line search shifting determined by the of the function at two checkpoints in the range
To retrieve the maximum power from the PV system under non-uniform and shading conditions, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is used as a power electronics interface
Summary
Fossil fuel shortage, political instability in major fuel-producing countries, and Global warming, fossil fuel shortage, political instability indevelopment major fuel-producing countries, per-unit cost reduction in power generation with technological in renewable energy and per-unit cost reduction in power generation with technological development in renewable energy technologies (RETs) have diverted the considerable attention of power electronics manufacturers and technologies (RETs) towards have diverted the considerable attention of power electronics manufacturers andof power producers the design, development, implementation, and maximum utilization power producers towards the design, development, implementation, and maximum utilization of RETs to fulfill growing world energy demands [1,2,3]. Because of intermittent weather conditions and non-uniform uniform solar(RESs) irradiance, substantial oscillation is produced in the solar photovoltaic output.solar. To attain optimize the PV output by considering non-uniform solar irradiation conditions as classified in the maximum output from the MPPT method, solar irradiation and temperature levels determine the Figure 2. If the entire array key sources that affect the PV output characteristic because of the mismatching problem (multiple does not receive uniform solar irradiation as depicted in Figure 3a,b, which can be exhibited on a local maxima). On “Shading Conditions” on Google Scholar, only four review articles on “Non-Uniform Solar
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