Abstract
The Spanish Ministry of Defense is currently attempting to reduce the amount of energy that is consumed by its military bases and has therefore raised concerns about how to make their facilities more energy efficient. To fulfill this objective, the Spanish army has developed various studies and projects, as well as a technical prescription sheet that defines the thermal transmittance values of the materials that are to be used to construct the different elements of the containers that make up the temporary housing units at Spanish military camps. Both governments and private entities have developed initiatives that are aimed at improving the energy efficiency of buildings, which are classified into two groups: those aimed at the development of mandatory building codes and those that are based on voluntary certification programs. The use of passive strategies is one of the key actions that is being implemented to achieve the NZEB category, as its first requirement is to be a “very low energy consumption building”. This paper compares the energy efficiency requirements of the tents and containers that are used in military camps and the energy-efficient design requirements that are demanded by the energy efficiency standards for buildings in the civil sector. Through this comparison, we determine how energy efficient the current living spaces in military camps are in order to define strategies that can be implemented to improve the design requirements of these living spaces so to reduce the consumption and operation logistics and to improve both operability and safety in military camp facilities.
Highlights
There is a wide range of thermal transmittance coefficients that need to be applied depending on the country or standard certifications
We analyzed the insulation needs of containers that are intended for temporary use in military camps by considering the national standards or those that are internationally recognized to be applicable to permanent housing
Armed forces must be equipped with living containers that can fulfil the characteristics that are required based on the deployment location, and should have lower energy consumption, allowing them to contribute to a reduction in the logistical footprint
Summary
Evolution of Energy Efficiency in the Military Bases. The development of the Paris Agreement at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change has resulted in the increased energy efficiency of buildings and the reduction of the GHG emissions of buildings, being one of the most important issues related to energy policy. Despite significant improvements in recent years, the global share of the final energy demand in buildings and the CO2 emissions stood at 36% and 37%, respectively, in 2020 [1,2]. NZEBs (net-zero energy buildings) are regarded as an integrated solution that can be implemented to address problems that are related to energy-saving, environmental protection, and CO2 emission reduction in buildings and in the construction sector.
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