Review of Novel Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19) in India

Abstract

Novel coronavirus also known as severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was emerged from Wuhan, China and have taken catastrophic form globally. India being a dense populated country is also affected by it’s deadly infection. Bats were considered as its primary host but COVID-19 disease became pandemic via human to human transmission by droplet nuclei. The incubation period ranges upto 14 days and main symptoms of disease were noticed as atypical pneumonia, fever, difficult breathing, decreased SPO2 level and ultimately death due to respiratory failure depending upon immune status of the patients. Coronaviruses are positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses and harbour a genome (30 kb) consisting of two terminal untranslated regions and twelve putative functional open reading frames (ORFs), encoding for non-structural and structural proteins. There are sixteen putative non-structural proteins, including proteases, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, helicase, other proteins involved in the transcription and replication of SARS-CoV-2, and four structural proteins, including spike protein (S), envelope (E), membrane (M), and nucleocapsid (N). SARS-CoV-2 infection, with a heavy viral load in the body, destroys the human lungs through cytokine storm, especially in elderly persons and people with immunosuppressed disorders. A number of drugs have been repurposed and employed, but still, no specific antiviral medicine has been approved by the FDA to treat this disease. This review provides a current status of the COVID-19, epidemiology, an overview of phylogeny, mode of action, diagnosis, and possible treatment methods and vaccines.