Abstract

One goal of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology for cyanobacteria and microalgae is to engineer strains that can optimally produce biofuels and commodity chemicals. However, the current workflow is slow and labor intensive with respect to assembly of genetic parts and characterization of production yields because of the slow growth rates of these organisms. Here, we review recent progress in the microfluidic photobioreactors and identify opportunities and unmet needs in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology. Because of the unprecedented experimental resolution down to the single cell level, long-term real-time monitoring capability, and high throughput with low cost, microfluidic photobioreactor technology will be an indispensible tool to speed up the development process, advance fundamental knowledge, and realize the full potential of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology for cyanobacteria and microalgae.

Highlights

  • Recent emphasis on CO2 reduction and biosustainability has brought attention to photosynthetic microalgae

  • We review the progress in microfluidic photobioreactor technology for metabolic engineering and the synthetic biology of cyanobacteria and microalage

  • Microfluidics can bring a great deal to the field of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology of cyanobacteria

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Summary

Introduction

Recent emphasis on CO2 reduction and biosustainability has brought attention to photosynthetic microalgae. The microalgae, cyanobacteria, are efficient organisms for producing biomass from inorganic carbon as well as important feedstocks for production of a wide range of useful compounds, including biofuels [1,2,3,4]. Cyanobacteria have the advantages of high growth rates, low nutritional requirements, and the potential for large-scale cultivation in open ponds and waters. Similar to mLSI, DMF enjoys the same benefits of low reagent volume (in the picoliter to microliter range) and high capacity for parallelization and automation. It can be integrated with other analytic techniques. The droplets in DMF devices are often exposed to ambient conditions; the evaporation of reagents is a problem, especially during long-term cultivation of cells

General Comments on Microfluidic Photobioreactors
Microfluidic Photobioreactor Based on Microplate and Agar
Microfluidic Photobioreactor Utilizing Flow-Based mLSI Technology
Microfluidic Photobioreactor with Alternative Illumination Method
End Point Titration and Metabolic Flux Measurement
Conclusions

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