Abstract
Converter-based generators are increasingly replacing classical synchronous generation, resulting in significant challenges to the operation and planning of modern power systems. Power electronics (PE)-based equipment, along with non-linear PE-driven loads, introduce time-varying characteristics and fast switching behavior that increases the complexity of the power system model. Faster control actions are needed to overcome the fast switching dynamics to ensure the reliability and stability of future power systems. Thus, this requires advanced and detailed simulation methods and tools with highly accurate equivalent models to embody the relatively slower electromechanical to faster electromagnetic transient (EMT) phenomena. Conventional transient stability analysis using positive-sequence simulators has become inadequate for representing converter-dominated power systems, while EMT simulators suffer from the high computational burden. This review paper presents accelerated EMT simulation methods and tools that are categorized and discussed in three topics: system equivalents, simulation methods, and accelerating tools. Dynamic system equivalent techniques are discussed to model small to large interconnected external systems of the grid network. Moreover, a systematic review is made for existing EMT simulation methods, along with advanced co-simulation methods, for addressing simulation speed and accuracy issues in large power system networks. Emerging hardware-based simulation tools are reviewed that reduce the computational burden and increase the simulation efficiency of the power system model. Challenges and trends in EMT simulation are also presented and concluded by providing perspectives on this research topic.
Highlights
D UE to the proliferation of power electronic (PE) converter-based generation/devices, such as wind or photovoltaic (PV) generation, high voltage direct current (HVDC) converters, flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices, and battery energy storage systems, the structure and operation of the electrical grid is experiencing significant changes
electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation, which is important for accurately simulating converter-dominated power systems (CDPS), is computationally prohibitive for large power systems
Selecting the best simulation tools and techniques depends on the desired application and interest
Summary
D UE to the proliferation of power electronic (PE) converter-based generation/devices, such as wind or photovoltaic (PV) generation, high voltage direct current (HVDC) converters, flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices, and battery energy storage systems, the structure and operation of the electrical grid is experiencing significant changes. 2) Two Layer Network Equivalent In large power system models, the use of higher order FDNEs for external system representation can be computationally burdensome and limit the ability for real-time transient simulations.EMT simulations exhibit many peaks in the frequency spectrum due to resonant conditions in transmission lines which increases the complexity in the rational function model representation. Such simpler and more accurate models are further optimized to achieve a realtime simulation of a power system in [30]
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