Abstract
Its usage increased and took place of open surgery. An important step of PNL is nephrostomy tract formation. This step affects bleeding risk, surgery time, success and complication rate. Four different methods (Alken, Amplatz, Balloon, One-step) are used. In Balloon and One-step dilatation, process is made in one stage. In Alken and Amplatz dilatation, process is made small to bigger increasing diameter sequentially. There is no consensus about which one is the best.
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