Abstract
AbstractThe unique properties of mesostructured cellular foam (MCF) silica such as, large pore size, continuous three-dimensional (3D) pore system and hydrothermal robust materialallow favorable conditions for incorporating active sites to produce modified MCF silica as catalysts, biocatalysts and adsorbents. Recently, the modified MCF silicas were reported to be efficient catalysts for the hydrogenation of phenylacetylene, heck coupling reaction of arylboronic acid, etc. Biocatalysts derived from modified MCF silicas were found to be a potential to convert glucose to gluconic acid, hydrolysis of N-benzoyl-DLarginine-p-nitroanilide (BAPNA) and casein, transesterification of racemic 1 phenyl- ethanol and hydrolytic, etc. Several separation processes such as CO2 capture and adsorption of L-tryptophan, lysozyme and bovine serum were sucessfully conducted using adsorbents derived from modified MCF silicas. This paper reviews the synthesis of the MCF silica material and the incorporation of active sites or immobilization of enzymes in the MCF silica material. Additionally, a detailed understanding of the characterization of the modified MCF silicas, which includes pore size, active sites/enzymes sizes, amount of active sites/enzymes bound with the MCF silica, was also discussed to obtain their potentialities as catalysts, biocatalysts and adsorbents. The review also describes recent progress on the applications of the MCF silica.
Highlights
Mesoporous silica materials such as MCM-41 and SBA-15 were studied widely in support of catalysts
It can be concluded from the literatures that effective enzyme immobilized mesostructured cellular foam (MCF) silicas for the reactions were mainly attributed to a higher amount of enzymes bound with a carrier matrix derived from MCF silica, a higher accessibility of substrate to active sites located in 3D pore system with ultra-large pore size of the immobilized enzyme, and a stabile nature of bonds formed between enzymes and the carrier matrix
As the incorporation of high amounts of active sites (>6 wt%) or immobilization of enzymes in mesoporous silicas pore sizes (MCM-41, HMS, SBA-15 etc.) led to the damage of structure and framework mesoporosity, the MCF silica allowed the choice of supports and more favorable conditions for these uses since it had larger pore sizes (150-500 Å) and hydrothermal robustness
Summary
Mesoporous silica materials such as MCM-41 (pore sizes: 15-100 Å [1]) and SBA-15 (pore sizes: 50-130 Å [2]) were studied widely in support of catalysts. They were used to incorporate active sites as in propyl sulfonic acid, sulphated metal oxides, platinum and nickel [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]. This paper presents the uses of the MCF silicas as adsorbents in the separation processes
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