Review of Ionic Liquids in Microextraction Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Fruit and Vegetable Samples

Abstract

The objective of this work is to provide a critical review of the use of ionic liquids in the microextraction of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables. It includes an assessment of the advantages and limitations of current applications of ionic liquids in microextraction techniques. The review also aims to illustrate the impact of ionic liquids on the development of novel sorbent materials for analytical applications. The unique physicochemical properties of ionic liquids make them ideal sorbents in separation techniques. Their number of applications in analytical separation has increased considerably over the past 5 years. Therefore, this review focuses on the synthesis, purification, functionalization, and application of ionic liquids for pesticide residue analysis in fruits and vegetables with different sample preparation procedures, covering articles published in the literature since their first application in 2009.