Review of Heavy Metal Contamination in Soil

Abstract

Heavy metal toxicity is frequently the result of long-term, low-level exposure to common pollutants in our environment. Exposure to toxic heavy metals is associated with many chronic diseases and can cause a wide variety of health problems. Urban soils receive varying inputs of heavy metals from a variety of mobile or stationary sources such as vehicular traffic, industrial plants, power generation facilities, residential oil burning, waste incineration, construction and demolition activities and re-suspension of surrounding contaminated soils and makes a significant contribution to the pollution in the urban environment. The ratio of the composition of the soil also varies in different areas of biosphere as the road side soil is more polluted than the soil of any park or any farm or field. This variation is more remarkable in metro cities of India such as Delhi due to huge industrial and automobile development. Therefore, the study of urban soil is important for determining the origin, distribution, and level of heavy metal contamination in urban environments. Present paper deal with the review of the soil analysis and hazardous effects on human health.