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Abstract
After yield, quality is one of the most important aspects of rice breeding. Preference for rice quality varies among cultures and regions; therefore, rice breeders have to tailor the quality according to the preferences of local consumers. Rice quality assessment requires routine chemical analysis procedures. The advancement of molecular marker technology has revolutionized the strategy in breeding programs. The availability of rice genome sequences and the use of forward and reverse genetics approaches facilitate gene discovery and the deciphering of gene functions. A well-characterized gene is the basis for the development of functional markers, which play an important role in plant genotyping and, in particular, marker-assisted breeding. In addition, functional markers offer advantages that counteract the limitations of random DNA markers. Some functional markers have been applied in marker-assisted breeding programs and have successfully improved rice quality to meet local consumers’ preferences. Although functional markers offer a plethora of advantages over random genetic markers, the development and application of functional markers should be conducted with care. The decreasing cost of sequencing will enable more functional markers for rice quality improvement to be developed, and application of these markers in rice quality breeding programs is highly anticipated.
Highlights
The important attributes of rice are its cooking and eating qualities, its phytochemicals and its micronutrients
Phenotypic validation in marker-assisted breeding (MAB) that uses random DNA markers is essential to ensure that the target gene and marker are transferred together to the progeny; using FMs eliminates the need for phenotypic validation (Andersen and Lübberstedt, 2003)
Random DNA markers might be located far from the target genes; when they are applied in MAB, a larger donor segment will be introgressed into the recipient parent or backcross progeny
Summary
The important attributes of rice are its cooking and eating qualities, its phytochemicals and its micronutrients. Prior to an assessment of the acceptability of the rice variety by panelists, the quality parameters of cooking and eating quality, and phytochemical and micronutrient composition are determined by using standard procedures (Dela Cruz and Khush, 2000). FMs are developed from functional gene motifs and, have complete linkage to the desired allele (Andersen and Lübberstedt, 2003). Phenotypic validation in MAB that uses random DNA markers is essential to ensure that the target gene and marker are transferred together to the progeny; using FMs eliminates the need for phenotypic validation (Andersen and Lübberstedt, 2003). Random DNA markers might be located far from the target genes; when they are applied in MAB, a larger donor segment will be introgressed into the recipient parent or backcross progeny. FMs can reduce linkage drag, in foreground selection by genotyping a smaller population size (Bagge and Lübberstedt, 2008; Gupta et al, 2010)
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