Abstract
Climate change poses social, economic and environmental problems on a global scale. It is a threat to agricultural development, as it has multitude manifestations among which include increased infestation of crops by pest and diseases, increased rural-urban migration, increased biodiversity loss, frequent drought and flood. These evident consequences of climate change however, can be reduced through adaptation. The review revealed that farmers practiced various adaptation strategies peculiar to the impact of climate change in their localities. These include mixed cropping, early planting, use of new crop varieties and soil management techniques among others. Inadequate inputs, lack of information on climate change forecast and poverty were the constraints to climate change adaptation among crop farmers as reviewed by this study. It is recommended that more campaign need to be carried out to sensitize farmers on the dangers and consequences of climate change and need for adaptation. Farmers need to be empowered economically through access to loans for them to procure adaptation inputs.
Highlights
Climate change is one of the biggest environmental, social and economic threats that the world is experiencing (Eileen, 2009; Mendelsohn et al, 2006)
The climate of the earth depends on the global radiation balance, which is determined by the atmospheric composition
An increase in the composition and concentration of the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere leads to the alteration in the global radiation balance and climate change (WRI, 1992).Climate change can be described as a long-term significant change in the average weather that a given region experiences
Summary
Climate change is one of the biggest environmental, social and economic threats that the world is experiencing (Eileen, 2009; Mendelsohn et al, 2006). IPCC (2001) observed that the world temperature has been increasing by 1.40C to 5.80C between 1990 and 2100 if the current levels of emission are not reduced. This is due mainly to anthropogenic sources such as the use of fossil fuel especially in developed countries. Africa contributes the least to global emissions of greenhouse gases; yet, most African countries are most vulnerable to its effects due to its high dependence on rain fed agriculture, widespread poverty, lack of access to technology and improved cultural practices (Aloa, 2010). Supporting the adaptation strategies of local farmers through appropriate public policy and investment and collective actions can help increase the adaptation measures that will reduce the negative consequences of predicted changes in future climate with great benefits to vulnerable rural communities in Africa (Hassan and Nhemachena, 2008).this paper is aimed at reviewing current literature on farm level adaptation strategies to climate change among farmers in Africa
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