Abstract
Road safety is of prime importance for pavement engineers and maintenance authorities. Pavement resistance to skidding of the vehicle has long been recognized as one of the leading parameters governing road safety and driving comfort, especially in wet weather conditions. The knowledge of skid resistance offered by pavement surface is very valuable information for road safety enhancements. Skid resistance is defined as the force developed when a tire that is prevented from rotation slides along the pavement surface. Evaluation of skid resistance over time and estimation of factors influencing it are important for pavement maintenance and rehabilitation planning. This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of various research works carried out for assessing critical parameters like surface texture, tire tread, rain intensity, temperature, loading condition, tire inflation pressure, and pavement type which control skid resistance of asphalt pavement at tire-road interface significantly. First, a brief overview of skid resistance and its importance in asphalt pavement is provided. Then, critical parameters influencing skid resistance are identified and reviewed more elaborately. Furthermore, the key relationship between skid resistance and various controlling parameters is reviewed and presented for a better understanding of skid variation analysis. Finally, a general discussion on skid resistance governing factors, their relative importance in maintaining safety and pavement performance, the complexity involved in computation, and established relationships with skid resistance is briefly summarized.
Highlights
Skid resistance is the force developed when a tire that is prevented from rotation slides over the pavement surface
It is important to understand that the surface which offers better riding comfort provides lesser resistance to skidding, so a compromise with riding comfort is made to ascertain pavement safety. e newly constructed surface has higher texture and provides better skid control; with increasing surface age, macrotexture reduces due to the polishing effect of surface aggregates subjected to cumulative load, and skid resistance reduces apparently. is section of this review manuscript discusses the effect of the vehicle and tire-related factors, among which vehicle speed and tire tread pattern are some of the few factors which are under road user control and shall be given due consideration to ensure better road safety
Papers reviewed in this study concentrate on factors controlling skid resistance and highlight critical factors which need more attention to ensure safety at the time of design of pavement itself or during its maintenance activities
Summary
Skid resistance is the force developed when a tire that is prevented from rotation slides over the pavement surface. Estimating key parameters and controlling skid resistance practically in field are very tedious, timeconsuming, costly, and labour-intensive Evaluating these parameters and establishing a relationship with skid resistance in laboratories lack accuracy in absence of actual field conditions. To overcome these difficulties and make assessment easier, researchers have developed various prediction models based on finite element method, discrete element method, and molecular dynamics simulation at an atomistic level. E commonly used sand patch method defines the MTD as the ratio of volume to the total area covered, whereas the MPD is defined as the average of all the mean segment depths of all the segments of the profile [3] It measures the height of the highest peaks above the mean level [4]. Praticoand Vaiana [5] established the relationship between mean texture depth and mean profile depth of asphalt pavement and found that MPD and sand patch texture measure different properties, and linear correlations seem not to represent complexity and dissimilarity effectively
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