Review of energy storage system technologies integration to microgrid: Types, control strategies, issues, and future prospects

Abstract

Microgrids (MGs) have emerged as a viable solution for consumers consisting of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) and local loads within a smaller zone that can operate either in an autonomous or grid tide mode. The DERs usually utilize Renewable Energy Resources (RERs), which have the advantages of meeting enhanced power demand, mitigating the pollutants of the environment, natural source of energy, needs minimal maintenance and cheap. Although MG integration provides several benefits, it faces many challenges and issues in its control and management, which can be effectively dealt with incorporating Energy Storage System (ESS) technologies into MGs. The addition of ESS to MGs has acquired increased attention as ESS can store energy during off-peak hours and deliver when required during peak hours. However, despite so many benefits, the ESS faces numerous issues in its integration, such as control, protection, state of charge (SoC), state of discharge (SoD), safety, life span, capacity, reliability and cost. So, to enhance the application of ESS in MG, the above issues need to be dealt with seriously. This research paper highlights the integration of ESS for MG application with a comprehensive review of issues, control methods, challenges, solutions, application, and overall management prospects. Further, the future trends and real time applications are also elucidated, which remarkably contributes to developing a cost effective and robust ESS architecture having a longer life span for renewable MGs application. Thus, an overview of this survey article's projected insights contributes to developing a techno-economic and effective integration of ESS with an extended life cycle for green MG employment.