Review of Dissolved CO and H2 Measurement Methods for Syngas Fermentation.

Jie Dang,Ning Wang,Hasan K Atiyeh

doi:10.3390/s21062165

Abstract

Syngas fermentation is a promising technique to produce biofuels using syngas obtained through gasified biomass and other carbonaceous materials or collected from industrial CO-rich off-gases. The primary components of syngas, carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2), are converted to alcohols and other chemicals through an anaerobic fermentation process by acetogenic bacteria. Dissolved CO and H2 concentrations in fermentation media are among the most important parameters for successful and stable operation. However, the difficulties in timely and precise dissolved CO and H2 measurements hinder the industrial-scale commercialization of this technique. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of available dissolved CO and H2 measurement methods, focusing on their detection mechanisms, CO and H2 cross interference and operations in syngas fermentation process. This paper further discusses potential novel methods by providing a critical review of gas phase CO and H2 detection methods with regard to their capability to be modified for measuring dissolved CO and H2 in syngas fermentation conditions.

Highlights

Synthesis gas (Syngas) fermentation is a novel, hybrid technique to produce biofuels and other bioproducts via a gasification–fermentation process based on traditional thermochemical conversion and biochemical fermentation [1,2]
dissolved CO (DCO) sensors, we provided a comprehensive review of gas phase carbon monoxide (CO) and H2 detection methods and discussed their potential applications in DCO and Dissolved H2 (DH) measurements
A comprehensive review of common CO sensors was performed (Table 1) to examine their potential applications in DCO measurement based on detection mechanisms and compatibility with the syngas fermentation process

Summary

Introduction

Synthesis gas (Syngas) fermentation is a novel, hybrid technique to produce biofuels and other bioproducts via a gasification–fermentation process based on traditional thermochemical conversion and biochemical fermentation [1,2]. Syngas is a mixture of CO, CO2 , H2 , N2 , and minor gases such as CH4 , NH3 , H2 S, and HCl produced from gasified carbonaceous materials including biomass, coal, and municipal wastes, or obtained from industrial waste gas streams [2,3]. The major components in syngas, CO and H2 , are converted into ethanol, butanol, and other bioproducts through the acetyl-CoA pathway with extremely anaerobic microorganisms: Clostridium ljungdahlii, C. autoethanogenum, and. The overall biochemical reactions to produce ethanol, butanol, or acetic acids with both CO and H2 are shown as follows [3]: with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affil- (1) (2) (3) iations.

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Conclusion