Abstract
Digital watermarking is the process of inserting the secret information, related to the identity of the owner and the source, into the original digital data such as image, text, audio or video. The secret information is known as a watermark. The insertion can be done in two domains which are spatial domain and frequency domain. In the spatial domain, direct pixels of the digital data are considered for the watermark embedding while in the frequency domain the transform of the original data is taken first and then the watermark is embedded into its transform coefficients. The frequency domain digital watermarking is more robust than the spatial domain digital watermarking due to which today researchers are showing great interest in frequency domain digital watermarking. This paper summarizes some of the most commonly used frequency domain techniques with their characteristics, advantages and disadvantages.
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